Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet
Thoracic outlet syndrome, AKA TOS, is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture/outlet.
Classification
By Structures Affected
The compression can be isolated or involve two or more structures with various degrees.
Neurogenic (95%)
- Compression of the components of the brachial plexus nerves
Arterial (< 1%)
- Compression of the subclavian artery
Venous (4%)
- Compression of the subclavian vein
By Event
- Trauma
- Repetitive non-ergonomic postures
- Tumor
- Hyperostosis
- Osteomyelitis
By Location
- Anterior scalene syndrome - compression on brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery by muscle growth
- Cervical rib - compression by rudimentary C7 rib
- Costoclavicular syndrome
Management
Surgery
Cervical Rib
- Brachial plexus exploration and decompression
- Cervical rib resection